RT Journal Article
T1 Detection of Cyclic Imine Toxins in Dietary Supplements of Green Lipped Mussels (Perna canaliculus) and in Shellfish Mytilus chilensis
A1 Otero Fuertes, María Paz
A1 Vale González, María del Carmen
A1 Boente Juncal, Andrea
A1 Costas Sánchez, Celia
A1 Louzao Ojeda, María del Carmen
A1 Botana López, Luis Miguel
K1 13-desmethyl spirolide C
K1 Pinnatoxin-G
K1 Dietary supplements
K1 Perna canaliculus
K1 Mytilus Chilensis
K1 UPLC-MS/MS
AB Seafood represents a significant part of the human staple diet. In the recent years, the identification of emerging lipophilic marine toxins has increased, leading to the potential for consumers to be intoxicated by these toxins. In the present work, we investigate the presence of lipophilic marine toxins (both regulated and emerging) in commercial seafood products from non-European locations, including mussels Mytilus chilensis from Chile, clams Tawerea gayi and Metetrix lyrate from the Southeast Pacific and Vietnam, and food supplements based on mussels formulations of Perna canaliculus from New Zealand. All these products were purchased from European Union markets and they were analyzed by UPLC-MS/MS. Results showed the presence of the emerging pinnatoxin-G in mussels Mytilus chilensis at levels up to 5.2 µg/kg and azaspiracid-2 and pectenotoxin-2 in clams Tawera gayi up to 4.33 µg/kg and 10.88 µg/kg, respectively. This study confirms the presence of pinnatoxins in Chile, one of the major mussel producers worldwide. Chromatograms showed the presence of 13-desmethyl spirolide C in dietary supplements in the range of 33.2–97.9 µg/kg after an extraction with water and methanol from 0.39 g of the green lipped mussels powder. As far as we know, this constitutes the first time that an emerging cyclic imine toxin in dietary supplements is reported. Identifying new matrix, locations, and understanding emerging toxin distribution area are important for preventing the risks of spreading and contamination linked to these compounds
PB MDPI
YR 2020
FD 2020
LK http://hdl.handle.net/10347/23593
UL http://hdl.handle.net/10347/23593
LA eng
NO Otero, P.; Vale, C.; Boente-Juncal, A.; Costas, C.; Louzao, M.C.; Botana, L.M. Detection of Cyclic Imine Toxins in Dietary Supplements of Green Lipped Mussels (Perna canaliculus) and in Shellfish Mytilus chilensis. Toxins 2020, 12, 613
NO Andrea Boente-Juncal and Celia Costas are recipients of fellowships from Ministerio de Educación, Cultura y Deporte, Spain (FPU16/07129 and FPU18/05681). Paz Otero is recipient of Postdoctoral Funding from the Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades, Spain (IJCI-2016-27774)
DS Minerva
RD 30 abr 2026