RT Journal Article T1 Probing Interkingdom Signaling Molecules via Liquid Extraction Surface Analysis-Mass Spectrometry A1 Robertson, Shaun N. A1 Soukarieh, Fadi A1 M. White, Thomas A1 Cámara Botia, Miguel Ángel A1 Romero Bernárdez, Manuel A1 Griffiths, Rian L. K1 Biofilms K1 Computer simulations K1 Infectious diseases K1 Inhibitors K1 Molecules AB Previously, metabolites diffused or secreted from microbial samples have been analyzed via liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC–MS) approaches following lengthy extraction protocols. Here, we present a model system for growing biofilms on discs before utilizing rapid and direct surface sampling MS, namely, liquid extraction surface analysis, to study the microbial exometabolome. One of the benefits of this approach is its surface-specific nature, enabling mimicking biofilm formation in a way that the study of planktonic liquid cultures cannot imitate. Even though Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa), Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), and Candida albicans (C. albicans) have been studied previously in isolation, very few studies consider the complexity of the interplay between these pathogens, which are commonly combined causative agents of infection. Our model system provides a route to investigate changes in the exometabolome, such as metabolites that become circulatory in the presence of multiple pathogens. Our results agree with previous reports showing that 2-alkyl-4(1H)-quinolone signal molecules produced by P. aeruginosa are important markers of infection and suggest that methods for monitoring levels of 2-heptyl-4-hydroxyquinoline and 2,4-dihydroxyquinoline, as well as pyocyanin, could be beneficial in the determination of causative agents in interkingdom infection including P. aeruginosa. Furthermore, studying changes in exometabolome metabolites between pqs quorum sensing antagonists in treated and nontreated samples suggests suppression of phenazine production by P. aeruginosa. Hence, our model provides a rapid analytical approach to gaining a mechanistic understanding of bacterial signaling. PB American Chemical Society SN 0003-2700 YR 2023 FD 2023 LK https://hdl.handle.net/10347/38940 UL https://hdl.handle.net/10347/38940 LA eng NO Anal. Chem. 2023, 95, 11, 5079–5086 NO University of Nottingham funded Anne McLaren Fellowship NO British Mass Spectrometry Society (BMSS) Research Support Grant NO National Biofilms Innovation Centre DS Minerva RD 24 abr 2026