RT Journal Article T1 Why some product innovations are licensed and others are not? A1 Antelo Suárez, Manel A1 Bru Martínez, Lluis K1 Product innovation K1 Licensing K1 Per-unit and ad-valorem royalties K1 Market leader and market follower K1 Welfare AB We study in a Stackelberg industry the licensing of a product that embodies an innovation (quality-improving product) whose owner may be the firm that plays as a leader or a follower in setting output in the the product market. We find that the innovation is transferred (and social welfare is reduced) if its owner is the market-leader firm. However, if the innovation is in the hands of the market-follower firm, it is not licensed, even though licensing would be welfare enhancing. Thus, subsidizing R&D with the mandatory licensing of the resulting innovation may be a socially desirable policy PB Elsevier SN 1090-9443 YR 2023 FD 2023 LK http://hdl.handle.net/10347/30320 UL http://hdl.handle.net/10347/30320 LA eng NO Research in Economics 77 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rie.2023.02.001 NO Financial aid from the Xunta de Galicia (Grant Consolidación e Estruturación – 2019 GRC GI-2060) and from the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (Grant ECO2017-86305-C4-1-R) is acknowledged DS Minerva RD 24 abr 2026