RT Journal Article T1 Indigenous Peoples and local communities as agents of transformative change for sustainability A1 Reyes García, Victoria A1 Villasante Larramendi, Carlos Sebastián K1 Anthropology K1 Social sciences K1 Sustainability AB Achieving just, equitable, and effective sustainability transformations requires diverse social engagement. This paper identifies five key roles played by Indigenous Peoples and local communities as agents of transformative change: embodying sustainable lifeways, resisting harm and defending rights, extending their practices to influence broader systems, and offering foundational models for care-oriented economies and governance. Through illustrative examples, we show how Indigenous Peoples and local communities actively contribute to global transformation. We emphasize the importance of engaging with a wide range of actors in supporting, expanding, and deepening these contributions to realize meaningful, systemic change toward a sustainable and just future. PB Nature Research YR 2026 FD 2026 LK https://hdl.handle.net/10347/46470 UL https://hdl.handle.net/10347/46470 LA eng NO Reyes-García, V., Nelson, V., Bonilla-Moheno, M., Hausner, V. H., Leventon, J., Wheeler, H. C., Aksoy, Z., Bates, P., Carino, J., Dabezies, J. M., Frantzeskaki, N., Gordon, E., Gosnell, H., Guibal, C., Gurung, J., Heatta, M. J., Hernandez, Y., Huambachano, M., Ifejika Speranza, C., A Magris, R., … Villasante, S. (2026). Indigenous Peoples and local communities as agents of transformative change for sustainability. Communications earth & environment, 7(1), 102. https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247-025-03098-z NO We received no specific funding for this work; all authors involved in the IPBES do so on a voluntary basis. The IPBES Transformative Change Assessment was made possible thanks to many contributions to the IPBES trust fund from governments (www.ipbes.net/donors). VRG and SV acknowledge support from the European Research Council (VRG: FP7-771056-LICCI and SV: FP7-101002784-EQUALSEA). SV also acknowledges the financial support to CRETUS from the Rede CIGUS, and the support of the Earth Commission and Future Earth. HCW acknowledges support from the Canada-Inuit Nunangat-United Kingdom Arctic Research Programme (CINUK). NF acknowledges the support from the Department Board and the Faculty of Geosciences of Utrecht University who supported financially and institutionally her participation in the IPBES Transformative Change Assessment. HG acknowledges support from the U.S. Global Change Research Program for her participation in the IPBES Transformative Change Assessment. This work contributes to the ‘María de Maeztu’ Programme for Units of Excellence of the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (CEX2019-000940-M). DS Minerva RD 20 may 2026