RT Journal Article T1 An Extended Semantic Interoperability Model for Distributed Electronic Health Record Based on Fuzzy Ontology Semantics A1 Adel, Ebtsam A1 El-Sappagh, Shaker A1 Barakat, Sherif A1 Hu, Jong Wan A1 Elmogy, Mohammed K1 Semantic K1 Electronic health record (EHR) K1 Fuzzy ontology K1 SPARQL AB Semantic interoperability of distributed electronic health record (EHR) systems is a crucial problem for querying EHR and machine learning projects. The main contribution of this paper is to propose and implement a fuzzy ontology-based semantic interoperability framework for distributed EHR systems. First, a separate standard ontology is created for each input source. Second, a unified ontology is created that merges the previously created ontologies. However, this crisp ontology is not able to answer vague or uncertain queries. We thirdly extend the integrated crisp ontology into a fuzzy ontology by using a standard methodology and fuzzy logic to handle this limitation. The used dataset includes identified data of 100 patients. The resulting fuzzy ontology includes 27 class, 58 properties, 43 fuzzy data types, 451 instances, 8376 axioms, 5232 logical axioms, 1216 declarative axioms, 113 annotation axioms, and 3204 data property assertions. The resulting ontology is tested using real data from the MIMIC-III intensive care unit dataset and real archetypes from openEHR. This fuzzy ontology-based system helps physicians accurately query any required data about patients from distributed locations using near-natural language queries. Domain specialists validated the accuracy and correctness of the obtained results PB MDPI YR 2021 FD 2021 LK http://hdl.handle.net/10347/26652 UL http://hdl.handle.net/10347/26652 LA eng NO Electronics 2021, 10(14), 1733; https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics10141733 NO This work was supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) grant funded by the Korean government (MSIT) (NRF-2021R1A2B5B02002599) DS Minerva RD 8 jun 2026