RT Journal Article T1 Using graph theory and social media data to assess cultural ecosystem services in coastal areas: Method development and application A1 Ruiz Frau, Ana A1 Ospina Álvarez, Andrés A1 Villasante Larramendi, Carlos Sebastián A1 Pita, Pablo A1 Maya Jariego, Isidro A1 Juan, Silvia de K1 Relational values K1 Eudaimonia K1 Marine and coastal areas K1 Graph theory network analysis K1 Deep learning K1 Ecosystem service bundles AB The use of social media (SM) data has emerged as a promising tool for the assessment of cultural ecosystem services (CES). Most studies have focused on the use of single SM platforms and on the analysis of photo content to assess the demand for CES. Here, we introduce a novel methodology for the assessment of CES using SM data through the application of graph theory network analyses (GTNA) on hashtags associated to SM posts and compare it to photo content analysis. We applied the proposed methodology on two SM platforms, Instagram and Twitter, on three worldwide known case study areas, namely Great Barrier Reef, Galapagos Islands and Easter Island. Our results indicate that the analysis of hashtags through graph theory offers similar capabilities to photo content analysis in the assessment of CES provision and the identification of CES providers. More importantly, GTNA provides greater capabilities at identifying relational values and eudaimonic aspects associated to nature, elusive aspects for photo content analysis. In addition, GTNA contributes to the reduction of the interpreter’s bias associated to photo content analyses, since GTNA is based on the tags provided by the users themselves. The study also highlights the importance of considering data from different SM platforms, as the type of users and the information offered by these platforms can show different CES attributes. The ease of application and relative short computing processing times involved in the application of GTNA makes it a cost-effective method with the potential of being applied to large geographical scales PB Elsevier SN 2212-0416 YR 2020 FD 2020 LK http://hdl.handle.net/10347/24221 UL http://hdl.handle.net/10347/24221 LA eng NO Ecosystem Services, Volume 45, October 2020, 101176 NO This work is a result of the ECOMAR Network, “Evaluation and monitoring of marine ecosystem services in Iberoamérica” (project number 417RT0528) funded by the CYTED program. During the time of the study and writing period ARF was supported by a H2020-Marie Skłodowska-Curie Action MSCA-IF-2014 (ref. 655475); AOA was supported by a H2020-Marie Skłodowska-Curie Action MSCA-IF-2016 (ref. 746361); SdJ was supported by a H2020-Marie Skłodowska-Curie Action MSCA-IF-2016 (ref. 743545); PP was funded by the Xunta de Galicia (RECREGES II Project, Grant ED481B2018/ 017) DS Minerva RD 28 abr 2026