RT Journal Article T1 Multifunctional steel surface through the treatment with graphene and h-BN A1 García Guimarey, María Jesús A1 Ratwani, Chirag R. A1 Xie, Kaiyu A1 Koohgilani, Mehran A1 Hadfield, Mark A1 Kamali, Ali Reza A1 Abdelkader, Amor M. K1 Graphene nanoplatelets K1 Hexagonal boron nitride K1 Nano-treatment surface K1 Friction AB The search for improved surface properties of engineering alloys is always a matter of interest. Herein, we introduce a surface treatment based on depositing a non-continuous layer of two-dimensional (2D) nanomaterials via a simple and scalable method. 2D nanosheets of hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) and graphene nanoplatelets (GNP) were sprayed on mild steel, followed by mild heat treatment. The nanosheets are strongly attached to the surfaces and even diffused to submicron under the surface, as proved by various analytical techniques. The mechanical, tribological and corrosion evaluations show significant simultaneous enhancement in a set of surface properties. From the friction tests with sliding steel-steel tribo-pairs under dry conditions, the graphene treatment decreases the friction coefficient and wear area by 21% and 31%, respectively. Interestingly, it is revealed that under dry and lubricated conditions, graphene-doped h-BN exhibits outstanding anti-wear properties synergistically compared to stand-alone 2D materials. The possible wear mechanism is investigated and found to be based on the formation of a tribofilm PB Elsevier SN 0301-679X YR 2023 FD 2023 LK http://hdl.handle.net/10347/30300 UL http://hdl.handle.net/10347/30300 LA eng NO Tribology International 180 (2023) 108264 NO This research is supported by projects PID2020-112846RB-C22 and ED431C 2020/10 funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and “NextGenerationEU/PRTR” and through the Xunta de Galicia, respectively. Dr M.J.G.G. also acknowledges the Xunta de Galicia (Spain) for the postdoctoral fellowship (reference ED481B-2019-015) at Bournemouth University (UK) DS Minerva RD 28 abr 2026