RT Journal Article
T1 Cognitive reflection, cognitive intelligence, and cognitive abilities: a meta-analysis
A1 Otero Moral, Inmaculada
A1 Salgado Velo, Jesús Fernando
A1 Moscoso Ruibal, Silvia
K1 Cognitive intelligence
K1 Cognitive abilities
K1 Cognitive reflection
K1 Meta-analysis
K1 Numeracy skills
AB This paper presents a series of psychometric meta-analysis on the relationship between cognitive reflection (CR) and several cognitive abilities (i.e., cognitive intelligence, numerical ability, verbal ability, mechanical-spatial ability, and working memory), and skills (i.e., numeracy skills). Also, the paper presents a bifactor analysis carried out to determine whether CR is a related but independent factor or a second-stratum factor in a hierarchical model of cognitive intelligence. Finally, the study also tested a path meta-analytic model of the CR-cognitive ability relationships. The results showed that CR correlated substantially with all the cognitive abilities and skills (K ranged from 3 to 44 and N ranged from 624 to 20,307). The bifactor analysis showed that CR variance was mainly accounted for by a general factor of cognitive intelligence plus a second-stratum factor of numerical ability. The results of the bifactor analysis were similar for numerical-CRT and verbal-CRT. It was not found evidence supporting the existence of a cognitive reflection factor. Finally, the path meta-analytic model showed that the combination of cognitive intelligence and numerical ability accounted for 69% of CR variance. The path model showed that cognitive intelligence and numerical ability have direct and indirect (through numeracy skills) effects on CR. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed, and future research is suggested
PB Elsevier
YR 2022
FD 2022
LK http://hdl.handle.net/10347/27874
UL http://hdl.handle.net/10347/27874
LA eng
NO Intelligence 90 (2022) 101614. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intell.2021.101614
NO All authors have made a substantial, direct, and equal contribution to this research. We have no known conflict of interest to disclose.This work was partially supported by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation [grant number PID 2020-116409GB-I00] to Jesús F. Salgado and Silvia Moscoso
DS Minerva
RD 26 abr 2026