RT Journal Article T1 Single‑cell ICP‑MS for studying the association of inorganic nanoparticles with cell lines derived from aquaculture species A1 Suárez Oubiña, Cristian A1 Herbello Hermelo, Paloma A1 Mallo Seijas, Natalia A1 Vázquez Ruiz de Ocenda, María A1 Cabaleiro, Santiago A1 Pinheiro, Ivone A1  Rodríguez Lorenzo, Laura A1  Espiña, Begoña A1 Bermejo Barrera, Pilar A1 Moreda Piñeiro, Antonio K1 ScICP-MS K1 Ammonia-based reaction cell K1 Titanium dioxide nanoparticles K1 Silver nanoparticles K1 Nanoparticle uptake in cells K1 Aquaculture species AB The current research deals with the use of single-cell inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (scICP-MS) for the assessment of titanium dioxide nanoparticle (TiO2 NP) and silver nanoparticle (Ag NP) associations in cell lines derived from aquaculture species (sea bass, sea bream, and clams). The optimization studies have considered the avoidance of high dissolved background, multi-cell peak coincidence, and possible spectral interferences. Optimum operating conditions were found when using a dwell time of 50 μs for silver and 100 μs for titanium. The assessment of associated TiO2 NPs by scICP-MS required the use of ammonia as a reaction gas (flow rate at 0.75 mL min−1) for interference-free titanium determinations (measurements at an m/z ratio of 131 from the 48Ti(NH)(NH3)4 adduct). The influence of other parameters such as the number of washing cycles and the cell concentration on accurate determinations by scICP-MS was also fully investigated. Cell exposure trials were performed using PVP-Ag NPs (15 and 100 nm, nominal diameter) and citrate-TiO2 NPs (5, 25, and 45 nm, nominal diameter) at nominal concentrations of 10 and 50 μg mL−1 for citrate-TiO2 NPs and 5.0 and 50 μg mL−1 for PVP-Ag NPs. Results have shown that citrate-TiO2 NPs interact with the outer cell membranes, being quite low in the number of citrate-TiO2 NPs that enters the cells (the high degree of aggregation is the main factor which leads to the aggregates being in the extracellular medium). In contrast, PVP-Ag NPs have been found to enter the cells PB Springer SN 1618-2642 YR 2023 FD 2023 LK http://hdl.handle.net/10347/30849 UL http://hdl.handle.net/10347/30849 LA eng NO Suárez-Oubiña, C., Herbello-Hermelo, P., Mallo, N. et al. Single-cell ICP-MS for studying the association of inorganic nanoparticles with cell lines derived from aquaculture species. Anal Bioanal Chem 415, 3399–3413 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-023-04723-6 NO Open Access funding provided thanks to the CRUE-CSIC agreement with Springer Nature. European Union – Interreg POCTEP (ACUINANO, reference 07-12-ACUINANO_1_E); Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (FOODNANORISK, reference PID2021-125276NB-I00); and Xunta de Galicia (Grupo de Referencia Competitiva, reference ED431C 2022/029) DS Minerva RD 1 may 2026