RT Journal Article T1 Liveability versus sustainability in spanish cities: first evidences using synthetic indicators A1 Valcárcel Aguiar, Beatriz A1 Murias Fernández, Pilar A1 Vecino Aguirre, Alexandre K1 Urban liveability K1 Urban sustainability K1 Spanish cities K1 Synthetic indicators K1 Goal programming AB The aim of liveable, sustainable cities has become one of the major challenges for urban planning. However, achieving both goals at the same time is no easy task, particularly when liveability and sustainability may be defined by certain elements that tend to be in conflict. The main goal of this work is to analyse the relationship between liveability and environmental sustainability within the context of Spanish urban spaces. To this end, we propose two synthetic indicators: one for liveability and the other for urban environmental sustainability. Each of these indicators is constructed using a technique based on goal programming. A bivariate analysis is carried out using these indicators, which allows us to compare the extent to which Spanish cities are liveable and sustainable. This analysis should be useful for urban planners when taking and implementing policy decisions. By comparing cities with similar profiles using a benchmarking system, it becomes possible to judge the margin for improvement in one attribute without detriment to the other. This benchmarking system also allows us to reveal the specific dimensions of liveability or sustainability for which there is the greatest opportunity for improvement PB Springer YR 2021 FD 2021 LK http://hdl.handle.net/10347/29003 UL http://hdl.handle.net/10347/29003 LA eng NO Applied Research Quality Life 17, 1935–1960 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11482-021-10005-z DS Minerva RD 29 abr 2026