RT Journal Article
T1 Hazardous compounds in recreational and urban recycled surfaces made from crumb rubber. Compliance with current regulation and future perspectives
A1 Celeiro Montero, María
A1 Armada Álvarez, Daniel
A1 Dagnac, Thierry
A1 de Boer, Jacob
A1 Llompart Vizoso, María del Pilar
K1 Recycled rubber play surfaces
K1 Public health
K1 Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons
K1 Hazardous organic compounds
K1 Crumb rubber
K1 Gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry
AB Crumb rubber obtained from scrap tires is greatly employed for the construction of different facilities for sport, recreational and other uses. However, in recent years the concern about their safety and the related adult and children exposure to these surfaces is growing. This study aims a thorough chemical characterization encompassing 42 hazardous compounds, including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), phthalates, adipates, antioxidants and vulcanization agents in a wide range of crumb rubber from different surfaces. For the extraction of the target compounds, a method based on ultrasound-assisted extraction followed by gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UAE-GC–MS/MS) has been validated. Forty crumb rubber samples coming from synthetic turf football pitches, outdoor and indoor playgrounds, urban pavements, commercial tiles and granulates, and scrap tires, were analyzed. In addition, green alternative materials, such as sand and artificial turf based on cork granulate infill were included to compare the levels of the target compounds with those of crumb rubber. Most of the analyzed recycled surfaces meet the recent limits proposed by the European Commission for rubber granulates and mulches, although they exceed in several cases the maximum levels allowed for rubber consumer products. Besides, most of the other target compounds, including several of them considered as endocrine disruptors, were detected in the analyzed samples, reaching parts per million concentrations
PB Elsevier
SN 0048-9697
YR 2021
FD 2021
LK http://hdl.handle.net/10347/32600
UL http://hdl.handle.net/10347/32600
LA eng
NO Celeiro, M., Armada, D., Dagnac, T., Boer, J., Llompart, M. (2021). Hazardous compounds in recreational and urban recycled surfaces made from crumb rubber. Compliance with current regulation and future perspectives."Science of the Total Environment", vol.755, Part.I, 142566
NO This research was supported by projects RETOS PID2019-104336rb100 (Ministry of Science and Innovation, Spain), and UNST10-1E-491(Infrastructure Program, Ministry of Science and Innovation, Spain).The authors belong to the National Network for the Innovation in miniaturized sample preparation techniques, RED2018-102522-T (Ministryof Science, Innovation and Universities, Spain), to the Galician Competitive Research Groups IN607B 2019/13 and ED431 2020/06 and to theCRETUS Strategic Partnership ED431 2018/01 (Xunta de Galicia). Allthese programs are co-funded by FEDER (UE)
DS Minerva
RD 28 abr 2026