RT Journal Article
T1 Assessing population exposure to phthalate plasticizers in thirteen Spanish cities through the analysis of wastewater
A1 González Mariño, Iria
A1 Ares, Leticia
A1 Montes Goyanes, Rosa
A1 Rodil Rodríguez, María del Rosario
A1 Cela Torrijos, Rafael
A1 López-García, Ester
A1 Postigo, Cristina
A1 López de Alda, Miren
A1 Pocurull, Eva
A1 Marcé, Rosa María
A1 Bijlsma, Lubertus
A1 Hernández, Félix
A1 Picó, Yolanda
A1 Andreu, Vicente
A1 Rico, Andreu
A1 Valcárcel, Yolanda
K1 Phthalic acid esters
K1 Wastewater-based epidemiology
K1 Environmental human exposure
K1 Risk assessment
K1 Spain
AB Phthalates are widely used plasticizers that produce endocrine-disrupting disorders. Quantifying exposure is crucial to perform risk assessments and to develop proper health measures. Herein, a wastewater-based epidemiology approach has been applied to estimate human exposure to six of the mostly used phthalates within the Spanish population. Wastewater samples were collected over four weekdays from seventeen wastewater treatment plants serving thirteen cities and ca. 6 million people (12.8 % of the Spanish population). Phthalate metabolite loads in wastewater were transformed into metabolite concentrations in urine and into daily exposure levels to the parent phthalates. Considering all the sampled sites, population-weighted overall means of the estimated concentrations in urine varied between 0.7 ng/mL and 520 ng/mL. Very high levels, compared to human biomonitoring data, were estimated for monomethyl phthalate, metabolite of dimethyl phthalate. This, together with literature data pointing to other sources of this metabolite in sewage led to its exclusion for exposure assessments. For the remaining metabolites, estimated concentrations were closer to those found in urine. Their 4-days average exposure levels ranged from 2 to 1347 μg/(day∙inh), exceeding in some sites the daily exposure thresholds set for di-i-butyl phthalate and di-n-buthyl phthalate by the European Food Safety Authority
PB Elsevier
SN 0304-3894
YR 2020
FD 2020-06-22
LK http://hdl.handle.net/10347/27011
UL http://hdl.handle.net/10347/27011
LA eng
NO I. González-Mariño et al. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2021, 401, 123272
NO This study was supported by MCIU/AEI (projects CTM2016-81935-REDT, CTM2017-84763-C3-1-R, CTM2017-84763-C3-2-R, CTM2017-84763-C3-3-R, and CEX2018-000794-S), Galician Council of Culture, Education and Universities (ED481D 2017/003 and ED431C2017/36), Generalitat Valenciana (projects Prometeo/2018/155 and Prometeo/2019/040) and Universitat Jaume I (project UJI-B2018-55). Several of the above mentioned projects are cofunded by FEDER/ERDF
DS Minerva
RD 27 abr 2026