RT Journal Article
T1 Dietary Intake of Individual (Intrinsic and Added) Sugars and Food Sources from Spanish Children Aged One to <10 Years—Results from the EsNuPI Study
A1 Redruello-Requejo, Marina
A1 Samaniego-Vaesken, María de Lourdes
A1 Partearroyo, Teresa
A1 Rodríguez-Alonso, Paula
A1 Soto Méndez, María José
A1 Hernández Ruiz, Ángela
A1 Lara Villoslada, Federico
A1 Leis Trabazo, María Rosaura
A1 Martínez de Victoria, Emilio
A1 Moreno, José Manuel
A1 Ortega, Rosa M.
A1 Ruiz López, María Dolores
A1 Gil, Ángel
A1 Varela Moreiras, Gregorio
K1 EsNuPI study
K1 Spanish children
K1 Added sugar
K1 Dietary habits
K1 Feeding behavior
K1 Free sugars
K1 Intrinsic sugar
K1 Nutrition assessment
K1 Pediatric nutrition
K1 Pediatrics
AB Currently, in Spain there are no studies assessing the intakes and sources of intrinsic and added sugars by both children consuming standard milks and children regularly consuming adapted milk formulas. Our goal was to evaluate current sugar intake levels (intrinsic and added) and their major dietary sources within the EsNuPI study participants by applying two 24-h dietary recalls that were completed by 1448 children (1 to <10 years) divided into two subsamples: One “Spanish Reference Sample” (SRS) of the general population (n = 707) and another sample which included children consuming adapted milks including follow-on milk, toddler’s or growing up milk and fortified and enriched milks, here called “Adapted Milk Consumers Sample” (AMS) (n = 741). Estimates of intrinsic and added sugar intakes from the Spanish EsNuPI population as well as the adherence to recommendations varied notably according to age segment, but no major differences between subsamples were found. Younger children (1 to <3 years) showed the highest added sugar contribution to total energy intake (TEI) (SRS: 12.5% for boys and 11.7% for girls; AMS: 12.2% for boys and 11.3% for girls) and the lowest adherence to recommendations set at <10% TEI (SRS: 27.4% for boys and 37.2% for girls; AMS: 31.3% for boys and 34.7% for girls). Adherence increased with age but remains inadequate, with approximately one in two children from the older age segment (6 to <10 years) exceeding the recommendations. Main food sources of intrinsic sugars for both subsamples were milk and dairy products, fruits, vegetables and cereals, while for added sugars, these were milk and dairy products (mainly yogurts), sugars and sweets (mainly sugary cocoa and nougat), bakery products (mainly cookies) and cereals (mainly bread and wheat flour). However, for the AMS, the groups milk and dairy products and cereals showed a significantly lower contribution to intrinsic sugar intake but a significantly higher contribution to that of added sugars. These results demonstrate that sugar intake and the adherence to recommendations in the studied population varied notably according to age but not to the type of milk consumed. In addition, our results highlight the need to monitor the consumption of added sugars by the infant population, as well as the need to make efforts to facilitate this task, such as harmonizing the recommendations regarding free/added sugars and the inclusion of information on their content on the nutritional labeling of products in order to incorporate them into food composition databases.
PB MDPI
SN 2072-6643
YR 2022
FD 2022-04-16
LK https://hdl.handle.net/10347/45503
UL https://hdl.handle.net/10347/45503
LA eng
NO Redruello-Requejo, M., Samaniego-Vaesken, M. L., Partearroyo, T., Rodríguez-Alonso, P., Soto-Méndez, M. J., Hernández-Ruiz, Á., Villoslada, F. L., Leis, R., Martínez de Victoria, E., Moreno, J. M., Ortega, R. M., Ruiz-López, M. D., Gil, Á., & Varela-Moreiras, G. (2022). Dietary Intake of Individual (Intrinsic and Added) Sugars and Food Sources from Spanish Children Aged One to <10 Years—Results from the EsNuPI Study. Nutrients, 14(8), 1667. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14081667
NO This research was funded by Instituto Puleva de Nutrición (IPN), which is a non-profit entity that promotes scientific research, mainly in the field of nutrition and health: child nutrition, cardiovascular, bone and digestive health, etc., as well as the dissemination of quality scientific content. While the IPN is funded by the dairy company Lactalis, its actions are based on the decisions of an independent scientific board formed by renowned international scientists. Á. G. is co-financed by the Research Plan of the Vice-Rectorate of Research and Transfer of the University of Granada, Spain.
DS Minerva
RD 3 may 2026