RT Journal Article T1 Flower color preferences of insects and livestock: effects on Gentiana lutea reproductive success A1 Sobral Bernal, Mª Mar A1 Losada, María A1 Veiga Blanco, Tania A1 Guitián Rivera, Javier Ángel A1 Guitián Rivera, José A1 Guitián Rivera, Pablo K1 Animal Behavior K1 Conservation Biology K1 Ecology K1 Evolutionary Studies K1 Plant Science K1 Flower color variation K1 Gentiana lutea K1 Insect herbivory K1 Large mammal herbivory K1 Herbivore preferences AB Angiosperms diversification was primarily driven by pollinator agents, but non-pollinator agents also promoted floral evolution. Gentiana lutea shows pollinator driven flower color variation in NW Spain. We test whether insect herbivores and livestock, which frequently feed in G.lutea, play a role in G. lutea flower color variation, by answering the following questions: (i) Do insect herbivores and grazing livestock show flower color preferences when feeding on G. lutea? (ii) Do mutualists (pollinators) and antagonists (seed predators, insect herbivores and livestock) jointly affect G. lutea reproductive success? Insect herbivores fed more often on yellow flowering individuals but they did not affect seed production, whereas livestock affected seed production but did not show clear color preferences. Our data indicate that flower color variation of G. lutea is not affected by insect herbivores or grazing livestock PB PeerJ SN 2167-8359 YR 2016 FD 2016-03-15 LK http://hdl.handle.net/10347/15955 UL http://hdl.handle.net/10347/15955 LA eng NO Sobral M, Losada M, Veiga T, Guitián J, Guitián J, Guitián P. (2016) Flower color preferences of insects and livestock: effects on Gentiana lutea reproductive success. PeerJ 4:e1685 https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.1685 NO This study is included in the project “Color polymorphism, geographic variation in the interactions and phenotypic selection. The case of Gentiana lutea L in the Cantabrian Mountains,” financially supported by Secretary of State of I+D+I, Ministry of Science and Innovation, Government of Spain (2011–2013). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript DS Minerva RD 24 abr 2026