RT Journal Article
T1 Determination of the urinary concentrations of six bisphenols in public servants by online solid-phase extraction-liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry
A1 Estévez-Danta, Andrea
A1 Rodil Rodríguez, María del Rosario
A1 Quintana Álvarez, José Benito
A1 Montes Goyanes, Rosa
K1 Plastic-related additives
K1 Chemical exposure
K1 Human biomonitoring
K1 Hazardous substances
AB Bisphenols are widely used as monomers and additives in plastic production. Thus, bisphenol A (BPA) and its most prominent substitutes have been detected in many environmental and human samples. This study proposes an online solid-phase extraction analytical methodology coupled to liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry for the determination of six bisphenols (BPA and bisphenols F (BPF), S (BPS), AF (BPAF), B (BPB), and E (BPE)) in urine samples as an efficient and automated methodology. The method was developed and validated for all bisphenols with good recoveries (92–112%) and repeatability (RSD ≤ 10%) despite the variable matrix effects, except BPAF (which would require a dedicated internal standard), achieving method quantification limits in the 0.05–2.2 ng mL−1 range. The methodology was subsequently applied to 435 urine samples from a non-occupational exposure population (civil servants for the regional government) from Santiago de Compostela (Galicia, Spain). Only BPA, BPF, and BPS were positively detected; the last two presented higher detection frequencies than BPA. When the urinary concentrations are extrapolated to human intake and compared to the European Food Safety Agency (EFSA) tolerable daily intake (TDI) of 2 × 10−4 µg kg−1 day−1 (TDI), all BPA positively identified samples would surpass this threshold. Although no TDI exists currently for the other two identified bisphenols, it is evident that human exposure to bisphenols should be limited. Finally, the results stratification by gender revealed higher levels of exposure to BPF in the women group.
PB Springer
YR 2024
FD 2024-06-18
LK http://hdl.handle.net/10347/34592
UL http://hdl.handle.net/10347/34592
LA eng
NO Estévez-Danta et al. Determination of the urinary concentrations of six bisphenols in public servants by online solid-phase extraction-liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry 416 (2024) 4469–4480
NO Open Access funding provided thanks to the CRUE-CSIC agreement with Springer Nature. This work was funded by the Spanish Agencia Estatal de Investigación MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 (ref. PID2020-117686RB-C32) and Consellería de Cultura, Educación y Universidades da Xunta de Galicia (ref. ED481A-2020/258 and ED431C 2021/06).
DS Minerva
RD 20 may 2026