RT Journal Article T1 The effect of population size and technological collaboration on firms' innovation A1 Calvo Babío, Nuria Begoña A1 Fernández López, Sara A1 Rodríguez-Gulías, María Jesús A1 Rodeiro-Pazos, David K1 Product innovation K1 Process innovation K1 Population size K1 Technological collaboration K1 DUI learning mode K1 STI learning mode AB In the current knowledge economy, firms hardly innovate alone; the collaboration with other partners has become crucial for successful innovation. Literature has recently focused on two modes of collaboration: the learning-by-doing, by-using and by-interacting (DUI) and science and technology-based innovation (STI). Nevertheless, collaboration seems to be easier if firms are located in highly populated areas. This paper aims to analyse whether the population size of municipalities where firms are located influences firm innovation either in a direct way or by shaping the effect of the DUI and STI partnerships. Applying panel data methodology to a sample of 3004 Spanish manufacturing firms over the period 2009 to 2016, the results show that innovative performance benefits from STI and DUI innovation modes, especially product innovation. In contrast, location in less populated municipalities seems to have no effect on innovation, regardless of the threshold used to limit the number of inhabitants. Also, weak evidence of the moderating role of the population size on the effect of DUI and STI partnerships on firm innovation is found PB Elsevier YR 2022 FD 2022 LK http://hdl.handle.net/10347/29168 UL http://hdl.handle.net/10347/29168 LA eng NO Technological Forecasting and Social Change 183 (2022) 121905 DS Minerva RD 24 abr 2026