RT Journal Article
T1 Neurological instability in ischemic stroke: relation with outcome,  latency time, and molecular markers
A1 Iglesias Rey, Ramón
A1 Silva Candal, Andrés da
A1 Rodríguez Yáñez, Manuel
A1 Estany Gestal, Ana
A1 Regueiro, Uxía 
A1 Maqueda, Elena
A1 Ávila Gómez, Paulo
A1 Pumar Cebreiro, José Manuel
A1 Castillo Sánchez, José Antonio
A1 Sobrino Moreiras, Tomás
A1 Campos Pérez, Francisco
A1 Hervella Lorenzo, Pablo
K1 Stroke
K1 Neurological instability
K1 Latency time
K1 Glutamate
K1 Interleukin
AB The National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) is commonly used to evaluate stroke neurological deficits and to predict the patient’s outcome. Neurological instability (NI), defined as the variation of the NIHSS in the first 48 h, is a simple clinical metric that reflects dynamic changes in the area of the brain affected by the ischemia. We hypothesize that NI may represent areas of cerebral instability known as penumbra, which could expand or reduce brain injury and its associated neurological sequels. In this work, our aim was to analyze the association of NI with the functional outcome at 3 months and to study clinical biomarkers associated to NI as surrogate biomarkers of ischemic and inflammatory penumbrae in ischemic stroke (IS) patients. We included 663 IS patients in a retrospective observational study. Neutral NI was defined as a variation in the NI scale between − 5 and 5% (37.1%). Positive NI is attributed to patients with an improvement of > 5% NI after 48 h (48.9%), while negative NI is assigned to patients values lower than − 5% (14.0%). Poor outcome was assigned to patients with mRS ≥ 3 at 3 months. We observed an inverse association of poor outcome with positive NI (OR, 0.35; 95%CI, 0.18–0.67; p = 0.002) and a direct association with negative NI (OR, 6.30; 95%CI, 2.12–18.65; p = 0.001). Negative NI showed a higher association with poor outcome than most clinical markers. Regarding good functional outcome, positive NI was the marker with the higher association (19.31; CI 95%, 9.03–41.28; p < 0.0001) and with the highest percentage of identified patients with good functional outcome (17.6%). Patients with negative NI have higher glutamate levels compared with patients with neutral and positive NI (p < 0.0001). IL6 levels are significantly lower in patients with positive NI compared with neutral NI (p < 0.0001), while patients with negative NI showed the highest IL6 values (p < 0.0001). High glutamate levels were associated with negative NI at short latency times, decreasing at higher latency times. An opposite trend was observed for inflammation, and IL6 levels were similar in patients with positive and negative NI in the first 6 h and then higher in patients with negative NI. These results support NI as a prognosis factor in IS and the hypothesis of the existence of a delayed inflammatory penumbra, opening up the possibility of extending the therapeutic window for IS
PB Springer
YR 2021
FD 2021-06-24
LK https://hdl.handle.net/10347/45565
UL https://hdl.handle.net/10347/45565
LA eng
NO Iglesias-Rey, R., da Silva-Candal, A., Rodríguez-Yáñez, M. et al. Neurological Instability in Ischemic Stroke: Relation with Outcome, Latency Time, and Molecular Markers . Transl. Stroke Res. 13, 228–237 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12975-021-00924-2
NO This study was partially supported by grants from the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (FEDER/Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovacion y Universidades-Agencia Estatal de Investigación-Proyecto SAF2017-84267-R), Xunta de Galicia (Consellería Educación, IN607A2018/3), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII) (PI17/00540 and PI17/01103), Spanish Research Network on Cerebrovascular Diseases RETICS-INVICTUS PLUS (RD16/0019), and by the European Union FEDER program. Furthermore, T. Sobrino (CPII17/00027) and F. Campos (CPII19/00020) are recipients of research contracts from the Miguel Servet program of Instituto de Salud Carlos III. The sponsors did not participate in the study design, collection, analysis, or interpretation of the data, in writing the report, or in the decision to submit the paper for publication
DS Minerva
RD 24 abr 2026