RT Journal Article T1 Microbial inefficient substrate use through the perspective of resource allocation models A1 Regueira López, Alberte A1 Lema Rodicio, Juan Manuel A1 Mauricio Iglesias, Miguel AB Microorganisms extract energy from substrates following strategies that may seem suboptimal at first glance. Beyond the so-called yield-rate trade-off, resource allocation models, which focus on assigning different functional roles to the limited number of enzymes that a cell can support, offer a framework to interpret the inefficient substrate use by microorganisms. We review here relevant examples of substrate conversions where a significant part of the available energy is not utilised and how resource allocation models offer a mechanistic interpretation thereof, notably for open mixed cultures. Future developments are identified, in particular, the challenge of considering metabolic flexibility towards uncertain environmental changes instead of strict fixed optimality objectives, with the final goal of increasing the prediction capabilities of resource allocation models. Finally, we highlight the relevance of resource allocation to understand and enable a promising biorefinery platform revolving around lactate, which would increase the flexibility of waste-to-chemical biorefinery schemes PB Elsevier SN 0958-1669 YR 2021 FD 2021 LK http://hdl.handle.net/10347/24496 UL http://hdl.handle.net/10347/24496 LA eng NO Current Opinion in Biotechnology Volume 67, February 2021, Pages 130-140 NO e authors would like to acknowledge the support of the Spanish Ministry of Education (FPU14/05457) and project CONSERVAL (INTERREG V-A Spain-Portugal, POCTEP), co-financed by the ERDF (Ref: 2352). The authors belong to the Galician Competitive Research Group (ED431C2017/029) and to the CRETUS Strategic Partnership (ED431E 2018/01), both programmes are co-funded by Xunta de Galicia and ERDF (EU) DS Minerva RD 24 abr 2026