RT Journal Article
T1 Removal of Phenolic Compounds using Compost from Chicken Manure and Cardboard as Bulking Agent: Adsorption Tests and Cost Analysis
A1 Al-Zawahreh, Khaled
A1 Paradelo Núñez, Remigio
K1 Phenols
K1 Compost
K1 Chicken manure
K1 Bulking agent
K1 Cost analysis studies
AB Recently, there has been increased interest in the use of composting to develop bioadsorbents for different pollutants. In this work, the removal of phenol, 2-nitrophenol, and 2,4-dinitrophenol from water is examined using compost derived from chicken manure (C/N ratio 6.3) and cardboard (C/N ratio 202.2) as a low-cost bulking agent. Characterization of the compost indicated its maturity, stability, and the presence of diverse surface functional groups. Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure indicated that the bioavailability of toxic heavy metals including Cr, Pb, Cd, Zn, and Cu was negligible and below the regulated limits. Following a univariate experimental design, the effect of a number of operational factors on phenol adsorption by compost was assessed. The optimum operational factors for removing phenolic compounds are compost dosage 6.0 g L−1, pH 2.0, contact time 80.0 min, and temperature 35.0 °C. The adsorption rate was adequately described using the pseudo-second order model, with relatively high estimated adsorption rates, 0.52–0.97 mg g−1 min−1. Adsorption curves of phenols were adequately presented by the Langmuir model with maximum uptake capacity of 111.0 mg g−1 for phenol, 125.0 mg g−1 for 2-nitrophenol, and 134.0 mg g−1 for 2,4-dinitrophenol, comparable to other expensive adsorbents such as activated carbon, metal–organic frameworks or nano-adsorbents. The higher removal capacity of 2-nitrophenol and 2,4-dinitrophenol over phenol is attributed to higher solubility of phenol in water and the involvement of -NO2 group in H-bonding with carboxylic group-rich-surface. The estimated production cost of compost is 0.04 USD per kg and 0.035 US Cent is needed to remove 1.0 g phenol from water.
PB Springer
YR 2026
FD 2026-03-10
LK https://hdl.handle.net/10347/46857
UL https://hdl.handle.net/10347/46857
LA eng
NO Al-Zawahreh, K., & Paradelo, R. (2026) Removal of Phenolic Compounds using Compost from Chicken Manure and Cardboard as Bulking Agent: Adsorption Tests and Cost Analysis. Water, Air, & Soil Pollution, 237(658). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-026-09344-0
NO Open Access funding provided thanks to the CRUE-CSIC agreement with Springer Nature.
DS Minerva
RD 9 may 2026