RT Journal Article T1 Different-Length Hydrazone Activated Polymers for Plasmid DNA Condensation and Cellular Transfection A1 Priegue Caamaño, Juan Manuel A1 Lostalé Seijo, Irene A1 Crisan, Daniel A1 Granja Guillán, Juan Ramón A1 Fernández Trillo, Francisco A1 Montenegro García, Javier K1 Aldehydes K1 Genetics K1 Fluorescence K1 Gene delivery K1 Polymers AB The recent advances in genetic engineering demand the development of conceptually new methods to prepare and identify efficient vectors for the intracellular delivery of different nucleotide payloads ranging from short single-stranded oligonucleotides to larger plasmid double-stranded circular DNAs. Although many challenges still have to be overcome, polymers hold great potential for intracellular nucleotide delivery and gene therapy. We here develop and apply the postpolymerization modification of polyhydrazide scaffolds, with different degree of polymerization, for the preparation of amphiphilic polymeric vehicles for the intracellular delivery of a circular plasmid DNA. The hydrazone formation reactions with a mixture of cationic and hydrophobic aldehydes proceed in physiologically compatible aqueous conditions, and the resulting amphiphilic polyhydrazones are directly combined with the biological cargo without any purification step. This methodology allowed the preparation of stable polyplexes with a suitable size and zeta potential to achieve an efficient encapsulation and intracellular delivery of the DNA cargo. Simple formulations that performed with efficiencies and cell viabilities comparable to the current gold standard were identified. Furthermore, the internalization mechanism was studied via internalization experiments in the presence of endocytic inhibitors and fluorescence microscopy. The results reported here confirmed that the polyhydrazone functionalization is a suitable strategy for the screening and identification of customized polymeric vehicles for the delivery of different nucleotide cargos PB American Chemical Society SN 1525-7797 YR 2018 FD 2018 LK http://hdl.handle.net/10347/24313 UL http://hdl.handle.net/10347/24313 LA eng NO Biomacromolecules 2018, 19, 7, 2638–2649 NO This work was partially supported by the Spanish Agencia Estatal de Investigación (AEI) [CTQ2014-59646-R, CTQ2016-78423-R, SAF2017-89890-R], the Xunta de Galicia (ED431G/09, ED431C 2017/25 and 2016-AD031), the ERDF, Royal Society U.K (IE130688 and RG140273), and the Wellcome Trust (177ISSFPP). J.M. received a Ramón y Cajal (RYC-2013-13784), an ERC Starting Investigator Grant (DYNAP-677786), and a Young Investigator Grant from the Human Frontier Science Research Program (RGY0066/2017). F. F.-T. thanks the Birmingham Science City and the European Regional Development Fund, and the University of Birmingham (John Evans Fellowship). J.M.P. thanks the Spanish Agencia Estatal de Investigación (AEI) for his research contract DS Minerva RD 3 may 2026