RT Journal Article
T1 Language balance rather than age of acquisition: A study on the cross-linguistic gender congruency effect in Portuguese– German bilinguals
A1 Sá-Leite Dias, Ana Rita
A1 Flores, Cristina
A1 Eira, Carina
A1 Haro Rodríguez, Juan
A1 Comesaña Vila, Montserrat
K1 Age of acquisition
K1 Bilingualism
K1 Language balance
K1 Gender congruency effect
K1 Grammatical gender
K1 Proficiency
AB The cross-linguistic gender congruency effect (GCE; a facilitation on gender retrieval for translations of the same gender) is a robust phenomenon analysed almost exclusively with late bilinguals. However, it is important to ascertain whether it is modulated by age of acquisition (AoA) and language proficiency. We asked 64 early and late bilinguals of European Portuguese and German to do a forward and backward translation task. A measure of language balance was calculated through the DIALANG test. Analyses included this factor along with the gender congruency between translations, the target language, and the AoA of both languages, among others. Results showed a GCE for European Portuguese that was independent of the AoA and greater the higher the language imbalance. We propose that changes in proficiency in any of the languages create situations of dependency between them which allow cross-linguistic gender interaction to occur and effects to emerge depending on gender transparency
PB Cambridge
SN 1366-7289
YR 2023
FD 2023
LK http://hdl.handle.net/10347/30876
UL http://hdl.handle.net/10347/30876
LA eng
NO Sá-Leite, A. R., Flores, C., Eira, C., Haro, J., Comesaña, M. (2023). Language balance rather than age of acquisition: A study on the cross-linguistic gender congruency effect in Portuguese–German bilinguals. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition, 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1366728923000378
NO This work was funded by the Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT) through the Portuguese State Budget (UIDP/01662/2020) and the grant UIDB/00305/2020, as well as by the Spanish Ministry of Education and Vocational Training, through the Training program for Academic Staff (Ayudas para la Formación del Profesorado Universitario [FPU16/06983]), and the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation [research project PID2019 110583GB-I00]
DS Minerva
RD 27 abr 2026