RT Book,_Section T1 The diachrony of Galician certamente and seguramente: A case of grammatical constructionalization A1 Míguez, Vítor A2 Hilpert, Martin A2 Cappelle, Bert A2 depraetere, ilse K1 unidirectionality K1 (inter)subjectification K1 grammatical constructionalization K1 epistemic adverbs AB This paper addresses the evolution of two Galician adverbs, certamente and seguramente. Data from three different periods show that they had similar manner, modal and discourse functions in the Middle Ages, as opposed to their distinct functional profiles in more recent days. The theoretical analysis is based on Traugott and Trousdale’s (2013) framework, and shows that several instances of grammatical constructionalization occurred since the emergence of -mente adverbs out of a Latin instrumental construction until the appearance of (inter)subjective markers. The current study also reveals that certamente has become a strengthener and, to a lesser extent, a certainty marker, whereas seguramente expresses probability. The semantic evolution of the adverbs, from manner, through strengthening, to epistemic modality, is in contradiction with the unidirectionality of (inter)subjectification, whereas the loss of intersubjective functions in seguramente is a case of deintersubjectification. Previous research shows that this is a recurrent pattern for epistemic and evidential expressions. PB John Benjamins SN 978-90-272-0949-8 SN 1573-594X YR 2021 FD 2021-10-12 LK http://hdl.handle.net/10347/32416 UL http://hdl.handle.net/10347/32416 LA eng NO Míguez, V. (2021). The diachrony of Galician certamente and seguramente: A case of grammatical constructionalization. In M. Hilpert, B. Cappelle, & I. Depraetere (Eds.), Modality and diachronic construction grammar (pp. 123–148). John Benjamins. https://doi.org/10.1075/cal.32.05mig NO This work has received financial support from the European Union (EuropeanSocial Fund – ESF) and the Xunta de Galicia (grant ED481A-2017/23). DS Minerva RD 24 abr 2026