RT Journal Article
T1 High sodium intake is associated with self-reported rheumatoid arthritis: a cross sectional and case control analysis within the SUN cohort
A1 Salgado Pérez, Eva
A1 Bes Rastrollo, Maira
A1 Irala, Jokin de
A1 Carmona, Loreto
A1 Gómez-Reino Carnota, Juan Jesús
AB Sodium intake is a potential environmental factor for immune-mediated inflammatory diseases. The aim of this study is to investigate the association of sodium intake with rheumatoid arthritis.We performed a cross-sectional study nested in a highly educated cohort investigating dietary habits as determinants of disease. Daily sodium intake in grams per day was estimated from a validated food frequency questionnaire. We identified prevalent self-reported cases of rheumatoid arthritis. Logistic regression models were used to estimate the odds ratio for rheumatoid arthritis by sodium intake adjusting for confounders. Linear trend tests and interactions between variables were explored. Sensitivity analyses included age- and sex-matched case–control study, logistic multivariate model adjusted by residuals, and analysis excluding individuals with prevalent diabetes or cardiovascular disease.The effective sample size was 18,555 individuals (mean age 38-years old, 60% women) including 392 self-reported rheumatoid arthritis. Median daily sodium intake (estimated from foods plus added salt) was 3.47 (P25–75: 2.63–4.55) grams. Total sodium intake in the fourth quartile showed a significant association with rheumatoid arthritis (fully adjusted odds ratio 1.5; 95% CI 1.1–2.1, P for trend = 0.02). Never smokers with high sodium intake had higher association than ever smokers with high sodium intake (P for interaction = 0.007). Dose-dependent association was replicated in the case–control study.High sodium intake may be associated with a diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis. This confirms previous clinical and experimental research.
PB Wolters Kluwers
SN 0025-7974
YR 2015
FD 2015
LK http://hdl.handle.net/10347/22020
UL http://hdl.handle.net/10347/22020
LA eng
NO Salgado, Eva MD, PhD; Bes-Rastrollo, Maira PhD; de Irala, Jokin PhD; Carmona, Loreto PhD; Gómez-Reino, Juan J. PhD High Sodium Intake Is Associated With Self-Reported Rheumatoid Arthritis, Medicine: September 2015 - Volume 94 - Issue 37 - p e0924 doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000000924
NO SUN project is supported by the Spanish Government (Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Fondode InvestigacionesSanitarias; grants PI10/02658, PI10/02293, RD06/0045, G03/140, and 87/2010), the Navarra Regional Government (project PI 45/2011), and the University of Navarra
DS Minerva
RD 29 abr 2026