RT Journal Article T1 Unraveling disparate roles of organisms, from plants to bacteria, and viruses on built cultural heritage A1 Sanmartín Sánchez, Patricia A1 Bosch-Roig, Pilar A1 Pangallo, Domenico A1 Kraková, Lucia A1 Serrano Pérez, Luis Miguel K1 Biocontrol agents (BCAs) K1 Biotreatment K1 Ecological factors K1 Species adaptation K1 Species role in ecosystems K1 Stone-built heritage AB The different organisms, ranging from plants to bacteria, and viruses that dwell on built cultural heritage can be passive or active participants in conservation processes. For the active participants, particular attention is generally given to organisms that play a positive role in bioprotection, bioprecipitation, bioconsolidation, bioremediation, biocleaning, and biological control and to those involved in providing ecosystem services, such as reducing temperature, pollution, and noise in urban areas. The organisms can also evolve or mutate in response to changes, becoming tolerant and resistant to biocidal treatments or acquiring certain capacities, such as water repellency or resistance to ultraviolet radiation. Our understanding of the capacities and roles of these active organisms is constantly evolving as bioprotection/biodeterioration, and biotreatment studies are conducted and new techniques for characterizing species are developed. This brief review article aims to shed light on interesting research that has been abandoned as well as on recent (some ongoing) studies opening up new scopes of research involving a wide variety of organisms and viruses, which are likely to receive more attention in the coming year PB Springer SN 0175-7598 YR 2023 FD 2023 LK http://hdl.handle.net/10347/30380 UL http://hdl.handle.net/10347/30380 LA eng NO Sanmartín, P., Bosch-Roig, P., Pangallo, D. et al. Unraveling disparate roles of organisms, from plants to bacteria, and viruses on built cultural heritage. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00253-023-12423-5 NO Open Access funding provided thanks to the CRUE-CSIC agreement with Springer Nature. The authors would like to express their gratitude to the Spanish State Research Agency (AEI) of the Ministry of Science and Innovation (MCIN) for concession of the BIOXEN project (PID2021-123329NA-I00). This study has been also supported by the European Regional Development Fund project: 313011V578. P. Sanmartín acknowledges receipt of a Ramón y Cajal contract (RYC2020-029987-I) financed by the AEI of the MCIN. P. Sanmartín and M. Serrano are grateful for the financial support from the Xunta de Galicia (grants ED431C 2022/09 and ED431B 2021/11) DS Minerva RD 1 may 2026