RT Journal Article T1 The role of economic policy and foreign investment: product innovation in the Spanish metalgraphic industry (1959-1975) A1 Giráldez Rivero, Xesús A1 Varela Vázquez, Pedro K1 Packaging industry K1 Product innovation K1 Industrial policy K1 Foreign direct investment AB The stabilization and liberalization of the Spanish economy, a period of external openness and structural change stimulated the process of rationalization of canning processes. The penetration of foreign capital and companies with more efficient technologies than those existing in Spain led to far-reaching changes in canning techniques. In this regard, we show how changes in economic policy and foreign direct investment can lead to sectoral and industrial structure upgrading. This article focuses on the manufacture of metal packaging, specifically on the so-called "liquid rubber", a key input for the automation of its production and the tightness of its closure. A successful case of imitation of foreign techniques and adaptation to the characteristics of the Spanish market, but also of linkage to the international packaging oligopoly and internationalization. PB Universitat de Barcelona SN 1132-7200 YR 2023 FD 2023-03-14 LK https://hdl.handle.net/10347/43355 UL https://hdl.handle.net/10347/43355 LA eng NO Giráldez, J., Varela-Vázquez, P. The role of economic policy and foreign investment: product innovation in the Spanish metalgraphic industry (1959-1975). "Revista de Historia Industrial-Industrial History Review", vol.32, 87, 111-144 NO This work has been funded by the Ministerio de Ciencia, Inno- vación y Universidades de España, under the project entitled “Pesca, conser- va y congelado: frontera. organización, instituciones y tecnología en la historia reciente de la pesca española” [HAR2017-881128-R], and for Xunta de Galicia, Consolidación y Estructuración de Unidades de Investigación Competitivas, project ED431B 2019/31. DS Minerva RD 27 abr 2026