La adicción "no" es una enfermedad cerebral
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Consejo General de la Psicología de España
Abstract
En los últimos años se ha ido consolidando la idea en el campo médico-psiquiátrico de que la adicción es una “enfermedad cerebral”, como ya así recoge el DSM-5. En este articulo se analiza cómo ha surgido y se ha consolidado esta idea, las críticas que ha recibido, las consecuencias profesionales si este modelo se hace hegemónico, junto a los intereses subyacentes al mismo. Se concluye defendiendo la necesidad de mostrar como psicólogos nuestras claras aportaciones al campo de las adicciones, como el de las variables psicológicas que son necesarias para la comprensión de las adicciones, para su prevención, junto con el papel central del tratamiento psicológico por su eficacia en las mismas. También debemos denunciar los reduccionismos, como el que representa el modelo de enfermedad cerebral frente a un modelo biopsicosocial de las adicciones
The idea that addiction is a “brain disease” has gradually been consolidated in the medical-psychiatric field over the last years, as it appears in the current DSM-5. In this paper we analyse the way this idea has arisen and been consolidated, as well as the criticisms that it has received, the professional consequences if this model becomes hegemonic, and the underlying interests. The conclusion defends the need to show, as psychologists, our clear contributions to the field of addictions, and the psychological variables that are necessary in order to understand and prevent addictions, as well as the central role of psychological treatment due to its effectiveness. We must also denounce the reductionism that the model of brain disease represents in comparison with a biopsychosocial model of addiction
The idea that addiction is a “brain disease” has gradually been consolidated in the medical-psychiatric field over the last years, as it appears in the current DSM-5. In this paper we analyse the way this idea has arisen and been consolidated, as well as the criticisms that it has received, the professional consequences if this model becomes hegemonic, and the underlying interests. The conclusion defends the need to show, as psychologists, our clear contributions to the field of addictions, and the psychological variables that are necessary in order to understand and prevent addictions, as well as the central role of psychological treatment due to its effectiveness. We must also denounce the reductionism that the model of brain disease represents in comparison with a biopsychosocial model of addiction
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Becoña, E. (2016). La adicción “no” es una enfermedad cerebral. Papeles del psicólogo, 37(2), 118-125
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© 2016, Consejo General de la Psicología de España








