O fenómeno terrorista de inspiración xihadista na Unión Europea: unha Análise Comparativa Cualitativa

Abstract

A recente ola de atentados terroristas vividos en Europa e principalmente vinculados a grupos xihadistas sitúan ao terrorismo de inspiración relixiosa islámica como principal responsable do maior número de vítimas dentro das fronteiras da Unión nos últimos anos. Dende comezos desta década, aspectos como a radicalización relixiosa, a sucesión de ataques e a seguridade apareceron cada vez con mais forza nos consellos europeos. Tras os atentados en París de 2015, a UE decide reforzar a súa resposta e os seus esforzos de cooperación para responder a unha ameaza transfronteiriza e complexa. O seguinte traballo recollerá unha análise de factores de estudo do fenómeno terrorista de forma comparada baseada no Qualitative Comparative Analysis, presentando distintas configuracións causais que buscan explicar este fenómeno nos países da Unión Europea. O traballo aborda así a cuestión da incidencia do xihadismo no entorno europeo: a súa influencia real, condicionantes de dita influencia e posibles factores de risco a nivel de Estado; estudando así algunhas das posibles causas do terrorismo xihadista a escala europea.The recent surge of terrorist attacks in the EU, mainly vinculated to jihadist groups, are placing Islamic religion inspired terrorism as the main responsable from the biggest number of victims into the Union frontiers in the last years. Since the beginning of this decade, some aspects as religious radicalization, the series of attacks and the increasing security appeared with increasing strength at the European councils. After the terrorist attacks that Paris suffered in 2015, the EU decides to reinforce their answer and their cooperation efforts to respond to a cross-border complex threat. The following document is collecting an analysis of factors in the study of the terrorist phenomenon will be proposed in a comparative manner and based on the QCA, presenting different causal configurations that seek to explain this phenomenon at the EU countries. This academic paper addresses the question of the impact of jihadism on the European environment the next way: real influence, this influence conditions, and possible risk factors at State level; to study, this way, some different causes of jihadist terrorism at European level.