Preparación de óxidos semiconductores como soportes de clústeres cuánticos atómicos
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En el presente trabajo, se han sintetizado y caracterizado nanopartículas de SnO2 y
TiO2 y materiales híbridos SnO2/TiO2 para utilizar en reacciones fotocatalíticas como
sustratos para los clústeres cuánticos atómicos (AQCs).
Los métodos de síntesis se han basado en aproximaciones bottom-up en fase líquida,
como el método sol-gel o la precipitación química, los cuales son fáciles de escalar.
Además, los materiales fueron caracterizados fisicoquímicamente por técnicas como
difracción de rayos X en polvo (DRX), espectroscopías FTIR-ATR y Raman, análisis
elemental (CHNS) y microscopía electrónica de transmisión (TEM) con el fin de
determinar la estructura cristalina, morfología y composición química de estos materiales
(es decir, cómo están los elementos distribuidos en los materiales híbridos y qué está
adherido y protegiendo la superficie de las nanopartículas) así como predecir sus
propiedades fotocatalíticas mediante espectroscopía de reflectancia difusa e isotermas de
adsorción BET.
Un segundo objetivo de este Trabajo fin de máster fue la utilización de estas
nanopartículas semiconductoras como sustrato para la deposición de AQCs mediante
impregnación seca o incipient wetness impregnation. Posteriormente, se estudió por
espectroscopía UV-Vis cómo el proceso de deposición favorece las propiedades ópticas
de los materiales, incrementando la absorción de luz visible mediante la aparición de
midgaps, lo que hace a estos materiales muy interesantes para reacciones fotocatalíticas.
Para ello, se llevaron a cabo estudios preliminares de actividad fotocatalítica con la
degradación de un colorante en agua, a diferentes longitudes de onda y empleando un
simulador solar.
In this Master thesis, SnO2 and TiO2 nanoparticles and SnO2/TiO2 hybrid materials have been synthesized and characterized for use in photocatalytic reactions as substrates for atomic quantum clusters (AQCs). Synthesis methods were based on bottom-up liquid phase approach such as sol-gel method or chemical precipitation, which are easy to scale up. Furthermore, materials were characterized by physicochemical techniques such as powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), ATR-FTIR and Raman spectroscopies, elemental analysis (CHNS) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) in order to determinate the crystalline structure, the morphology and the chemical composition of these nanomaterials (i.e., how the elements are distributed in the hybrid materials and what is attached and protecting the nanoparticles surface) as well as predict the photocatalytic properties using reflectance diffuse spectroscopy and BET sorption isotherms. A second objective of this Master thesis was the use of these semiconductor nanoparticles as substrate for the AQCs deposition using dry impregnation or incipient wetness impregnation. Then, it was studied by UV-Vis spectroscopy how deposition process improves the optical properties of the materials, increasing visible light absorption through the appearance of midgaps, which make these materials very interesting for photocatalytic reactions. For this, preliminary studies of photocatalytic activity were carried out to the dye degradation in water, at different wavelengths and using a solar simulator.
In this Master thesis, SnO2 and TiO2 nanoparticles and SnO2/TiO2 hybrid materials have been synthesized and characterized for use in photocatalytic reactions as substrates for atomic quantum clusters (AQCs). Synthesis methods were based on bottom-up liquid phase approach such as sol-gel method or chemical precipitation, which are easy to scale up. Furthermore, materials were characterized by physicochemical techniques such as powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), ATR-FTIR and Raman spectroscopies, elemental analysis (CHNS) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) in order to determinate the crystalline structure, the morphology and the chemical composition of these nanomaterials (i.e., how the elements are distributed in the hybrid materials and what is attached and protecting the nanoparticles surface) as well as predict the photocatalytic properties using reflectance diffuse spectroscopy and BET sorption isotherms. A second objective of this Master thesis was the use of these semiconductor nanoparticles as substrate for the AQCs deposition using dry impregnation or incipient wetness impregnation. Then, it was studied by UV-Vis spectroscopy how deposition process improves the optical properties of the materials, increasing visible light absorption through the appearance of midgaps, which make these materials very interesting for photocatalytic reactions. For this, preliminary studies of photocatalytic activity were carried out to the dye degradation in water, at different wavelengths and using a solar simulator.
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Traballo de Fin de Máster en Investigación Química e Química Industrial. Curso 2020-2021
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