Teoría evolutiva de la nación y federalismo plurinacional en la obra de Otto Bauer
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Asociación Española de Ciencia Política y de la Administración
Abstract
Este artículo analiza sistemáticamente el concepto de nación de Otto Bauer como comunidad
inesencial y como proceso evolutivo de construcción política, tan abierto y contingente como
plural y contestado. Este innovador concepto le permitió superar la ecuación monista decimonónica,
subyacente tanto en los postulados del Estado nacional (un Estado = una nación),
como en su antagonista secular, el principio de las nacionalidades (una nación = un Estado).
La concepción pluralista y procesual de la nación le habilitó, a su vez, para postular una propuesta
normativa impensable desde los presupuestos clásicos de la teoría de la soberanía, ora
del Estado nación, ora de los nacionalismos subestatales contra el Estado: un Estado democrático
plurinacional destinado a facilitar la convivencia de varias naciones en un escenario
plural, de respeto mutuo, solidaridad interterritorial, cooperación y recíproco enriquecimiento
cultural y lingüístico. El diseño institucional y cultural que alumbra este nuevo escenario
viene proporcionado por el federalismo, pero reformulado este último con un formato
novedoso, el federalismo plurinacional, caracterizado por el autogobierno y el gobierno compartido,
por la unidad y la diversidad, y por la conciliación del principio territorial y el personal,
pensado para el reconocimiento, la igualdad material y el respeto entre mayorías y
minorías nacionales. La reciente actualidad de los diseños de acomodación del pluralismo
étnico y nacional mediante mecanismos de autonomía territorial y no territorial ilustra la
fecundidad de su pensamiento
This article systematically analyzes Otto Bauer’s concept of nation as a non-essential community and as an evolutionary process of political construction, that is open and contingent as well as plural and contested. This innovative concept enabled him to overcome the nineteenth-century monist equation, underlying both the postulates of the national state (one State = one Nation) and its secular antagonist, the Principle of Nationalities (one Nation = one State). The pluralist and processual conception of nation enabled it, in turn, to postulate a normative proposal unthinkable from the classic assumptions of the theory of sovereignty, not only for the nation state, but also for sub-state nationalisms against the state: a democratic plurinational state bound to facilitate the coexistence of several nations in a plural scenario of mutual respect, interterritorial solidarity, cooperation and reciprocal cultural and linguistic enrichment. The institutional and cultural design that enlightens this new scenario is provided by federalism, but a reformulated format of it, namely the plurinational federalism, that is characterized by self-government and shared government, unity and diversity, and a balance between the territorial and personal principle, thought for recognition, material equality and respect between national majorities and minorities. The current relevance of accommodation designs based on ethnic and national pluralism, through mechanisms of territorial and non-territorial autonomy illustrates the fruitfulness of Bauer’s thought
This article systematically analyzes Otto Bauer’s concept of nation as a non-essential community and as an evolutionary process of political construction, that is open and contingent as well as plural and contested. This innovative concept enabled him to overcome the nineteenth-century monist equation, underlying both the postulates of the national state (one State = one Nation) and its secular antagonist, the Principle of Nationalities (one Nation = one State). The pluralist and processual conception of nation enabled it, in turn, to postulate a normative proposal unthinkable from the classic assumptions of the theory of sovereignty, not only for the nation state, but also for sub-state nationalisms against the state: a democratic plurinational state bound to facilitate the coexistence of several nations in a plural scenario of mutual respect, interterritorial solidarity, cooperation and reciprocal cultural and linguistic enrichment. The institutional and cultural design that enlightens this new scenario is provided by federalism, but a reformulated format of it, namely the plurinational federalism, that is characterized by self-government and shared government, unity and diversity, and a balance between the territorial and personal principle, thought for recognition, material equality and respect between national majorities and minorities. The current relevance of accommodation designs based on ethnic and national pluralism, through mechanisms of territorial and non-territorial autonomy illustrates the fruitfulness of Bauer’s thought
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Máiz, R. y Pereira, M. (2017). Teoría evolutiva de la nación y federalismo plurinacional en la obra de Otto Bauer. Revista Española de Ciencia Política, 45, 13-42. Doi: https://doi.org/10.21308/recp.45.01
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© Autores/as. Publicado por por Revista Española de Ciencia Política y sujeto a la licencia de reconocimiento de Creative Commons Reconocimiento-No comercial-Sin obra derivada 4.0 Internacional, que permite a terceros compartir la obra siempre que se indique su autor y su primera publicación esta revista








