Características de los exoperiodistas españoles: nuevo perfil profesional en la era de la inteligencia artificial
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ISSN: 1684-0933
E-ISSN: 2227-1465
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Universidad de Piura
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El impacto de la inteligencia artificial en la industria informativa está transformando el perfil profesional del periodista, obligándole a dominar las herramientas que emplea esta tecnología. En esta investigación se realiza un acercamiento a la figura del exoperiodista, un perfil profesional emergente que conecta las posibilidades de la inteligencia artificial con las necesidades propias de las rutinas de producción informativa. El proceso para alcanzar este objetivo se articula en torno a una metodología triangular que combina técnicas cualitativas y cuantitativas. Se han ejecutado entrevistas semiestructuradas a profesores de universidades españolas expertos en la materia y a periodistas de reconocida trayectoria en el sector comunicativo. Las entrevistas han girado en torno a tres ejes temáticos: 1) habilidades y competencias; 2) nuevos perfiles; 3) transformación de las redacciones. En segundo lugar, se ha llevado a cabo una observación participante en la redacción de Newtral, que trabaja en el desarrollo con un sistema de verificación basado en inteligencia artificial. La finalidad de esta técnica es conocer las habilidades y competencias específicas que poseen los trabajadores en el desarrollo de contenidos automatizados. Por último, se ha difundido un cuestionario entre los integrantes de este medio de comunicación, con el propósito de conocer las rutinas y tareas que realizan y analizar las competencias y habilidades que poseen. Los resultados reflejan que no existe un perfil único para la inteligencia artificial, sino que los exoperiodistas españoles conocen el lenguaje computacional y están dotados de heterogéneas destrezas técnicas y lingüísticas que les permiten documentar, verificar y generar contenidos desde una lógica transmedia y desde distintos enfoques.
The impact of artificial intelligence on the news industry is transforming the professional profile of the journalist, forcing them to master the tools used by this technology. This research approaches the figure of the exojournalist, an emerging professional profile that connects the possibilities of artificial intelligence with the specific needs of news production routines. The process to achieve this goal is articulated around a triangular methodology that combines qualitative and quantitative techniques. Semi-structured interviews have been conducted with professors from Spanish universities who are experts in the field and with journalists with a recognized career in the communication sector. The interviews have revolved around three thematic axes: 1) skills and competences; 2) new profiles; 3) transformation of newsrooms. Secondly, participant observation has been carried out in the Newtral newsroom, which is working on the development of a verification system based on artificial intelligence. The purpose of this technique is to know the specific skills and competences that workers have in the development of automated content. Finally, a questionnaire has been distributed among the members of this medium, with the purpose of knowing the routines and tasks they perform and analyzing the competences and skills they possess. The results reflect that there is not a single profile for artificial intelligence, but that Spanish exojournalists know computational language and are equipped with heterogeneous technical and linguistic skills that allow them to document, verify and generate content from a transmedia logic and from different approaches.
The impact of artificial intelligence on the news industry is transforming the professional profile of the journalist, forcing them to master the tools used by this technology. This research approaches the figure of the exojournalist, an emerging professional profile that connects the possibilities of artificial intelligence with the specific needs of news production routines. The process to achieve this goal is articulated around a triangular methodology that combines qualitative and quantitative techniques. Semi-structured interviews have been conducted with professors from Spanish universities who are experts in the field and with journalists with a recognized career in the communication sector. The interviews have revolved around three thematic axes: 1) skills and competences; 2) new profiles; 3) transformation of newsrooms. Secondly, participant observation has been carried out in the Newtral newsroom, which is working on the development of a verification system based on artificial intelligence. The purpose of this technique is to know the specific skills and competences that workers have in the development of automated content. Finally, a questionnaire has been distributed among the members of this medium, with the purpose of knowing the routines and tasks they perform and analyzing the competences and skills they possess. The results reflect that there is not a single profile for artificial intelligence, but that Spanish exojournalists know computational language and are equipped with heterogeneous technical and linguistic skills that allow them to document, verify and generate content from a transmedia logic and from different approaches.
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Ufarte Ruiz, M. J., Murcia Verdú, F. J., & Fieiras Ceide, C. (2024). Características de los exoperiodistas españoles: nuevo perfil profesional en la era de la inteligencia artificial. "Revista De Comunicación", 23(2), 345–362. https://doi.org/10.26441/RC23.2-2024-3519
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https://doi.org/10.26441/RC23.2-2024-3519Sponsors
Este artículo forma parte de las actividades del proyecto “Medios audiovisuales públicos ante el ecosistema de las plataformas: modelos de gestión y evaluación del valor público de referencia para España” (PID2021-122386OB-I00), financiado por el Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), AEI y Feder, UE. Además de integrarse en las actividades del proyecto PDC2023-145885-I00, financiado por MCIN/AEI/ 10.13039/501100011033 y por la Unión Europea “NextGeneration EU”/PRTR; y del proyecto de investigación “Inteligencia artificial y Periodismo: contenidos, audiencias, retos y desarrollo curricular” (2023-GRIN-34286), financiando dentro del Plan Propio de Investigación, cofinanciado en un 85% por el Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER). El autor César Fieiras Ceide tiene un contrato FPI del Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación de España con la referencia (PRE2022-103954).
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