A quick method for fraud detection in egg labels based on egg centrifugation plasma

Abstract

The aim of this work was to develop a quick and cheap method for fraud detection in egg labels according to the four legal farming method of the EU. The plasma obtained from egg centrifugation was investigated for this purpose. Initial protein content in egg, plasma protein content, plasma colour parameters (L*, a* and b*) and plasma UV–VIS-NIR (Ultraviolet–Visible-Near-infrared) spectra were evaluated. The classification algorithms applied were SVM (Support-Vector-Machine), LDA (Linear-Discriminant-Analysis) and QDA (Quadratic-Discriminant-Analysis). The analysis of the protein content did not detect differences. Colour parameters and spectral measurements showed significant differences between eggs. Spectra analysis with QDA gave sensitivity of 100% in the calibration set. The validation set scored 87.5% sensitivity and 94.07% specificity using the visible spectra. This work established plasma spectral measurements combined with classification algorithms as a powerful tool to discriminate the four farming systems. This work presents a fast tool for the egg label control