Evaluación del impacto de los programas de vacunación masiva: la experiencia de la hepatitis A en Cataluña
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España. Ministerio de Sanidad, Consumo y Bienestar social
Abstract
Fundamento: El programa de vacunación de la hepatitis
A + B en preadolescentes se introdujo en 1998 en Cataluña.
Durante los siguientes años uno de los objetivos principales ha
sido cuantificar la reducción en la incidencia de hepatitis A
producida por el programa de vacunación.
Métodos:Se realizó un análisis retrospectivo mediante el
estadístico scan espacio-temporal para la tasa de incidencia
notificada por hepatitis A en las comarcas de Cataluña desde
1992 hasta 2007. Se calcularon los riesgos relativos (RR) y la
autocorrelación espacial se estimó mediante el estadístico I de
Moran.
Resultados:Seis de los 7 clústers espacio-temporales
identificados por la metodología scan se produjeron en el período prevacunal (1992-1998) y sólo uno en el periodo postvacunal (1999-2007). En las 10 primeras cuadrisemanas del
periodo postvacunal (1999-2005) hubo un descenso significativo en de incidencia de hepatitis A en Cataluña respecto al
periodo prevacunal (1992-1998) (p<0,01).
Conclusiones. El estadístico I de Moran no mostró ningún
patrón de dependencia espacial global, y sí fue útil para detectar los clústers a nivel local. Estos resultados corroboran resultados previos que atribuían la mayor parte del descenso en la
incidencia de hepatitis A en Cataluña debido al efecto de la
vacunación
Background: The hepatitis A + B vaccination programme of preadolescents was introduced in 1998 in Catalonia. During the following years, one of the main objectives has been to quantify the reduction in the incidence of hepatitis A caused by the vaccination programme. Methods: A retrospective analysis applying the space-time scan statistic to reported incidence rates of hepatitis A was carried out in the counties of Catalonia from 1992 to 2007. The relative risk (RR) was calculated and the spatial autocorrelation was estimated using Moran’s I statistic. Results: Six of the 7 space-time clusters identified by the scan statistic occurred in the pre-vaccine era (1992-1998) and only one in the post-vaccine era (1992-2007). In the first 10 four-weekly periods of the post-vaccine era (1999-2005) there was a significant reduction in the incidence of hepatitis A in Catalonia with respect to the pre-vaccine era (1992-1998) (p<0,01). Conclusions. Moran’s I statistic showed no pattern of global spatial dependence and was useful in detecting local clusters. These results corroborate previous studies that attributed most of the reduction in the incidence of hepatitis A in Catalonia to the effect of vaccination
Background: The hepatitis A + B vaccination programme of preadolescents was introduced in 1998 in Catalonia. During the following years, one of the main objectives has been to quantify the reduction in the incidence of hepatitis A caused by the vaccination programme. Methods: A retrospective analysis applying the space-time scan statistic to reported incidence rates of hepatitis A was carried out in the counties of Catalonia from 1992 to 2007. The relative risk (RR) was calculated and the spatial autocorrelation was estimated using Moran’s I statistic. Results: Six of the 7 space-time clusters identified by the scan statistic occurred in the pre-vaccine era (1992-1998) and only one in the post-vaccine era (1992-2007). In the first 10 four-weekly periods of the post-vaccine era (1999-2005) there was a significant reduction in the incidence of hepatitis A in Catalonia with respect to the pre-vaccine era (1992-1998) (p<0,01). Conclusions. Moran’s I statistic showed no pattern of global spatial dependence and was useful in detecting local clusters. These results corroborate previous studies that attributed most of the reduction in the incidence of hepatitis A in Catalonia to the effect of vaccination
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Oviedo, Manuel, Muñoz, Pilar, Domínguez, Ángela, Carmona, Gloria, Batalla, Joan, Borras, Eva, & Jansà, Josep Maria. (2009). Evaluación del impacto de los programas de vacunación masiva: la experiencia de la hepatitis A en Cataluña. Revista Española de Salud Pública, 83(5), 697-709
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Este trabajo se ha publicado en acceso abierto bajo una licencia Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 3.0 No portada (CC BY-NC-ND 3.0)



