Cartas familiares dende a fronte. Guerra e correspondencia de soldados da parroquia de Baión na Guerra Civil (1936-1939)

Abstract

A pesar da abonda historiografía sobre a o Golpe de xullo do 36 e a Guerra Civil ás que atendemos na actualidade, resulta paradoxal o escaso ou nulo acceso dos historiadores a unha documentación tan valiosa para a escritura e fundamento da Historia e dos estudos sobre Memoria Histórica como é a correspondencia de guerra. Sexa por impedimento da arquivística ou polas reticencias daqueles que sucederon ós seus protagonistas, a ausencia dun estudo sistemático destas fontes primarias no relato histórico xeral deriva en que sexan tratadas coma auténticas rarezas historiográficas. O gallo deste traballo será o análise da extensa relación epistolar mantida polo suboficial de infantaría Antonio Álvarez Buezas, labrego natural da parroquia arousá de Baión, cos seus familiares durante a súa estadía nas filas do bando sublevado (1936- 1939). Ademais, tamén contaremos con exemplos doutros achegados involucrados nalgúns dos episodios máis importantes do conflito, de xeito que nos permita dar constancia da súa traxectoria militar pero tamén dos seus relatos e actitudes ante os feitos da guerra, a censura e as novas dun fogar que con cada operación semellaba moito máis afastado da cotianeidade da trincheira. Finalmente ficaremos no ámbito dunha Memoria Familiar da Guerra Civil e da Ditadura que, se ben abrangue ate tres xeracións e todo un enxoval bélico conservado á perfección, segue a ser cando menos complexa para os seus descendentes.

Despite the abundant historiography on the Coup of July 1936 and the Spanish Civil War that we are currently studying, it is paradoxical that historians have little or no access to such valuable documentation for the writing and foundations of History and studies on Historical Memory as war correspondence. Whether due to the impediments of archival science or the reluctance of those who succeeded their protagonists, the absence of a systematic study of these primary sources in the general historical narrative means that they are treated as genuine historiographical rarities. The aim of this work is to analyse the extensive epistolary relationship maintained by the infantry non-commissioned officer Antonio Álvarez Buezas, a farmer from the Arousa parish of Baión, with his relatives during his stay in the ranks of the rebel side (1936-1939). In addition, we will also have examples of other relatives involved in some of the most important episodes of the conflict, so that we can provide evidence of their military career but also of their stories and attitudes towards the events of the war, censorship and news from a home that with each operation seemed much more distant from the daily life in the trenches. Finally, we will look at a Family Memory of the Civil War and the Dictatorship which, although it covers up to three generations and a perfectly preserved war trousseau, continues to be complex, to say the least, for its descendants.