Functionalization of Implantable Systems for Controlled Drug Delivery and Beyond

Abstract

The functionalization of implantable systems through polymer coatings offers a promising strategy to enhance the therapeutic performance and longevity of medical devices. These coatings serve as versatile platforms for delivering therapeutic agents directly at the site of implantation, addressing specific clinical needs while minimizing systemic side effects. This review examines key polymer coating techniques, including dip coating, spray coating, spin coating, and chemical vapor deposition, which enable precise control over coating thickness, composition, and drug release profiles. Such control allows for tailored therapeutic outcomes, optimizing the interaction between the implant and surrounding tissues. The functionalities provided by these coatings include biocompatibility, which ensures minimal immune response; anti-fouling properties that prevent unwanted protein and cell adhesion; and the reduction of corrosion, friction, and wear, which improves the durability of implants. A particular focus is placed on drug delivery and the controlled release of anti-inflammatory agents, which can significantly modulate local inflammation, reduce adverse immune responses, and promote better integration of the implant with host tissues. By exploring both the current challenges and future directions in the field, this review underscores the potential of polymer coatings to revolutionize implantable drug delivery systems, paving the way for more effective and safer therapeutic options.